It depends on the history of the project. Up to a certain point, it can be your ownmoney, especially if a person is developing a game alone or with a friend. Thencrowdfunding platforms, a full-fledged publisher or an investor can help
Often, especially outside the CIS, developers use the money accumulated as a result ofworking on other projects, and often these projects were not gaming at all. Thedeveloper works for several years at some kind of job for the sake of earning money,and then locks himself in his barn and uses this money to create an indie dream game
Indie development does not require such large budgets. In general, this problem isnot so significant in comparison with other challenges that arise in the process